ANATOMY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Definitions
A.
Anatomy
Anatomy is a branch of science that deals with forms and
structure of animals.
B.
Cells
Cells are the smallest, structural and functional unit of an
organisms.
C.
Tissue
Tissue are groups of cells that have a
similar structure and act together to perform a specific function.Eg:
Connective tissue (Blood), Nervous tissue (Spinal Cord) etc.
Difference between Cell and Tissue:
|
Cell |
Tissue |
|
Cells
are smallest unit of organisms. |
Tissue
are made up of or groups of cells. |
|
They
are microscopic. |
They
are macroscopic. |
|
Found
in both unicellular and multicellular organisms |
Found only in multicellular
organisms. |
|
Two
types of cells: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. |
Four
types of tissue. |
|
Collection
of similar cells form tissue. |
Collection
of tissue form organ. |
Types of Tissues
There are four
basic tissue types defined by their morphology and function: epithelial tissue,
connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
a)
Epithelial tissue creates protective
boundaries and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules.
b)
Connective tissue underlies and supports other
tissue types.
c)
Muscle tissue contracts to initiate movement
in the body.
d)
Nervous tissue transmits and integrates
information through the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Differences between tissue
|
Types of tissue |
Location Functions |
||
|
Epithelial tissue |
Body covering, inner and outer body lining
and gandular tissue |
Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion |
|
|
Connective
Tissue |
Throughout the body (Bone, Blood, Cartilage) |
Attachment Support Storage |
|
|
Muscle Tissue |
Attached to bones, walls of hollow internal
organs |
Movement Maintenance |
of posture
|
|
|
|
Joint Heat generation |
stabilization |
|
Nervous Tissue |
Brain, Spinal cord and Nervous system
throughout the body |
Transmits signals across body. Coordinate,
regulate, integrate bodily function. |
|
Epithelial Tissue
|
Type |
Location |
Functions |
|
Cuboidal Epithelium |
Lining of kidney. Tubules.
Salivary, sweat and pancreatic ducts. |
Secretion. Absorption. Excretion. |
|
Ciliated Epithelium |
Oviducts,
trachea, bronchioles and nephrons of kidney.
|
Movement of cilia brings
about movement of substances in one direction. |
|
Glandular Epithelium |
Salivary,
gastruc, intestinal, sweat glands, adrenal and thyroid glands. |
Secrete
enzymes, mucous or hormones. |
Connective tissue
Connective
tissue connects, supports, binds, or separates different types of tissues
and organs in the body.
Functions:
❖ Providing
a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells.
❖ Wraps
around and cushions and protects organs
❖ Stores
nutrients
❖ Internal
support for organs
❖ As
tendon and ligaments, it protects joints and attaches muscles to bone and each
other
Muscular Tissue
There are three Types of Muscular Tissue
|
|
Location |
Function Appearance |
Control
|
|
|
Skeletal
|
skeleton |
movement,
heat,
posture |
striated,
multinucleated (eccentric), fibers parallel |
voluntary |
|
Cardiac |
heart |
pump
blood continuously |
striated,
one central nucleus |
Involuntary |
|
Visceral (smooth muscle) |
G.I.
tract, uterus, eve, blood vessels |
Peristalsis,
blood pressure, pupil size, erects hairs |
no
striations, one central nucleus |
involuntary |
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue consists of two types of cells:
A.
Neurons
Important in neural communication. Provide most of the unique
functions of the nervous system.
Example: sensing, thinking, remembering, controlling muscle
activity, and regulating glandular secretions.
B.
Neuroglia
Support , nourish and protect the neurons and maintain
homeostasis in the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons (connective
tissues).